Growth and yield performance of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus in the trans-ecological zone of Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract

The growth and yield performance of maize as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus in the trans-ecological zone in the field was conducted at Agbor, 5.25⁰N and 6.19⁰E in Delta State. Soils at the experimental site were analysed for their physical and chemical properties to determine their nutrient status. Maize variety ACR-89 DMRESR-W was used. The design was a 4 x 4 factorial randomised complete block experiment replicated three times. Four levels of both nitrogen and phosphorus were examined: 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha. The parameters measured were seedling emergence at 7 days after planting, leaf area and stem girth at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after planting, maize cob weight and grain yield. Results showed that combined application of 60 kgN/ha + 60 kgP/ha significantly increased leaf area at 6 and 9 weeks after planting. Mean stem girth was higher with application of 60 kgN/ha + 60kgP/ha relative to the control and other combinations levels. Application of 40 kgN/ha + 40 kgP/ha significantly increased maize grain and cob weight yield. Combined application of 40 kgN/ha + 40 kgP/ha is recommended for optimum growth and yield of maize in the study area.