Cocoa pollination by males of Forcipomyia squamipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Ghana

Abstract

Cage experiments in the field proved that males of Forcipomyia squamipennis Ingram &Macfie are pollinators of cocoa flowers (Theobroma cacao L.) in Ghana, contrary to former claims that this species is a non-pollinator and that only females of certain Forcipomyia species are pollinators.